> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://trizen.gitbook.io/sidef-lang/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://trizen.gitbook.io/sidef-lang/programming_tasks/c/convex_hull.md).

# Convex hull

```ruby
class Point(Number x, Number y) {
    method to_s {
        "(#{x}, #{y})"
    }
}

func ccw (Point a, Point b, Point c) {
    (b.x - a.x)*(c.y - a.y) - (b.y - a.y)*(c.x - a.x)
}

func tangent (Point a, Point b) {
    (b.x - a.x) / (b.y - a.y)
}

func graham_scan (*coords) {

    ## sort points by y, secondary sort on x
    var sp = coords.map { |a|
        Point(a...)
    }.sort { |a,b|
        (a.y <=> b.y) ||
        (a.x <=> b.x)
    }

    # need at least 3 points to make a hull
    if (sp.len < 3) {
        return sp
    }

    # first point on hull is minimum y point
    var h = [sp.shift]

    # re-sort the points by angle, secondary on x
    sp = sp.map_kv { |k,v|
        Pair(k, [tangent(h[0], v), v.x])
    }.sort { |a,b|
        (b.value[0] <=> a.value[0]) ||
        (a.value[1] <=> b.value[1])
    }.map { |a|
        sp[a.key]
    }

    # first point of re-sorted list is guaranteed to be on hull
    h << sp.shift

    # check through the remaining list making sure that
    # there is always a positive angle
    sp.each { |point|
        loop {
            if (ccw(h.last(2)..., point) >= 0) {
                h << point
                break
            } else {
                h.pop
            }
        }
    }

    return h
}

var hull = graham_scan(
    [16, 3], [12,17], [ 0, 6], [-4,-6], [16, 6], [16,-7], [16,-3],
    [17,-4], [ 5,19], [19,-8], [ 3,16], [12,13], [ 3,-4], [17, 5],
    [-3,15], [-3,-9], [ 0,11], [-9,-3], [-4,-2], [12,10])

say("Convex Hull (#{hull.len} points): ", hull.join(" "))

hull = graham_scan(
    [16, 3], [12,17], [ 0, 6], [-4,-6], [16, 6], [16,-7], [16,-3],
    [17,-4], [ 5,19], [19,-8], [ 3,16], [12,13], [ 3,-4], [17, 5],
    [-3,15], [-3,-9], [ 0,11], [-9,-3], [-4,-2], [12,10], [14,-9], [1,-9])

say("Convex Hull (#{hull.len} points): ", hull.join(" "))
```

## Output:

```
Convex Hull (7 points): (-3, -9) (19, -8) (17, 5) (12, 17) (5, 19) (-3, 15) (-9, -3)
Convex Hull (9 points): (-3, -9) (1, -9) (14, -9) (19, -8) (17, 5) (12, 17) (5, 19) (-3, 15) (-9, -3)
```


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