Here we use a multi declaration with a constant parameter to match the degenerate case. We use copy parameters when we wish to reuse the formal parameter as a mutable variable within the function. (Parameters default to readonly in Raku.) Note the use of gather/take as the final statement in the function, which is a common Raku idiom to set up a coroutine within a function to return a lazy list on demand.
Note also the '×' above is not ASCII 'x', but U+00D7 MULTIPLICATION SIGN. Raku does Unicode natively.
Here is a solution inspired from Almost_prime#C. It doesn't use &is-prime.
subfactor($n is copy) { $n == 1 ?? 1 !! gather { $n /= take 2 while $n %% 2; $n /= take 3 while $n %% 3; loop (my $p = 5; $p*$p <= $n; $p+=2) { $n /= take $p while $n %% $p; } take $n unless $n == 1; }}say"$_ == ", join" \x00d7 ", factor $_ for 1 .. 20;
Same output as above.
Alternately, use a module:
use Prime::Factor;say"$_ = {(.&prime-factors || 1).join: ' x ' }"for flat 1 .. 10, 10**20 .. 10**20 + 10;
Output:
1 = 1
2 = 2
3 = 3
4 = 2 x 2
5 = 5
6 = 2 x 3
7 = 7
8 = 2 x 2 x 2
9 = 3 x 3
10 = 2 x 5
100000000000000000000 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5
100000000000000000001 = 73 x 137 x 1676321 x 5964848081
100000000000000000002 = 2 x 3 x 155977777 x 106852828571
100000000000000000003 = 373 x 155773 x 1721071782307
100000000000000000004 = 2 x 2 x 13 x 1597 x 240841 x 4999900001
100000000000000000005 = 3 x 5 x 7 x 7 x 83 x 1663 x 985694468327
100000000000000000006 = 2 x 31 x 6079 x 265323774602147
100000000000000000007 = 67 x 166909 x 8942221889969
100000000000000000008 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 233 x 1986965506278811
100000000000000000009 = 557 x 72937 x 2461483384901
100000000000000000010 = 2 x 5 x 11 x 909090909090909091